Posts classified under: Somalia

Institute for Somali Studies > Somalia
29
Jan
Date January 29, 2025

The Somaliland-Somalia Talks in 2012-2015: A Critical Appraisal

Abstract


In the 2012 London Conference on Somalia, the international community proposed a plan for Somaliland and Somalia to hold talks in order to clarify their future relations and thus promised to provide a negotiation platform. Since then, the Government of Somaliland and the Federal Government of Somalia held six round talks in London, Dubai, Ankara, Istanbul (twice) and Djibouti. However, the seventh round (Istanbul III) failed in January 2015 and then, the collapse of the entire dialogue process followed. This article examines the dialogue process and probes the factors that led to the collapse of the process, as well as proposals for future successful talks and how to decide the future relations between the two sides.

Keywords:


Somaliland, Somalia, negotiations, secession talks, peace talks,

Mogadishu University,

ISOS,
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0 Comments Author dheeg9412
29
Jan
Date January 29, 2025

China in the Horn of Africa: Neo-Colonialism or Strategic Manoeuvrers in the Era of Great Power Rivalry?

Abstract


With the end of the unipolar world, China’s rise has seen it challenge Washington’s hegemony in not only Asia-Pacific, but also Latin America and Africa. Nowhere stronger in Africa is this Great Power Rivalry than in the Horn of Africa. With energy interests, shipping lanes, business ventures and security concerns, the Horn of Africa has become polarised on the global stage because of China’s economic penetration. This penetration has called to question whether Beijing is engaged in neocolonialism in the region or making partnerships and strategic manoeuvres to outpace Washington in winning favour with Horn of African states. It appears that Beijing has outmanoeuvred Washington as states in the Horn of Africa respond to partnership initiatives by China
rather than establishing a culture of aid dependency like the US has created. This model of engaging with developing states has won favour in the Horn of Africa.

Keywords:


Horn of Africa, Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, China,
USA, Power Rivalry, Neo-colonialism,

Mogadishu University,

ISOS,
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0 Comments Author dheeg9412
28
Jan
Date January 28, 2025

Turkish Model in Somalia: Civilian Power Approach in State Building Process

Abstract


The international community’s intervention in fragile or failed states mostly is welcomed. But on the other hand, the external intervention revolves around the interest, ideas, strategies and the policies of the intervener. This study explores Turkish model in Somalia`s state building and argues that the engagement in civilian power with humanitarian and development assistance, is more effective than coercive military intervention. Turkey’s civilian power approach has a positive impact on Somali state building process, such as peace building and political process, enhancing the capacity of state institutions and socioeconomic development of the country.

Keywords:


State building, Civilian power, development, Somalia, Turkey,

Mogadishu University,

ISOS,
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0 Comments Author dheeg9412
28
Jan
Date January 28, 2025

The State and its Fragments: Debates on Kinship and the State in Somalia

Abstract


This article has two primary objectives:

a) to introduce the debate about kinship systems and socio-political identity and organization in Somalia. I do this by reviewing an exchange at a British tribunal between two prominent academics in Somali studies: Abdi I. Samatar and I. M. Lewis;

b) to reflect on what is at stake in this debate by pointing at some of the potential consequences of the current U.N.-led state-building project in Somalia, which has embraced one side of this debate.


Keywords:


Somalia, kinship system, Somali political identity, clanism, state-building, genealogy, colonialism, and anthropology,

Mogadishu University,

ISOS,
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0 Comments Author dheeg9412
28
Jan
Date January 28, 2025

Somali Region in Ethiopia: Historical Developments during the Period 1884-1995

Abstract


The history of Somali Region is scattered in the vast history of Somalia and Ethiopia. But this article explicitly examines the historical developments of the region from the colonial period to the recent past around 1995, and how the region gained the diverging ethnic and national identities, Somali and Ethiopian at the same time. The paper also aims at presenting the historical developments of Somali Region in short, and traditional narrative perspective.


Key words:


Somali Region, Ogaden, Hawd, Somalia, Ethiopia, British Colonies,

Mogadishu University,

ISOS,
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0 Comments Author dheeg9412
26
Jan
Date January 26, 2025

Somalia Security Shaping Factors: Colonial Legacy, Global Conflicts and State Making Process

Abstract


Somalia Security Shaping Factors: Colonial Legacy, Global Conflicts and State Making Process


This study aims to address the incessant security threats that Somalia has been facing for the last five decades. Exclusively, the article attempts to explore and stretch a substantial understanding of the literature and the notion of security in Somalia by trying to puzzle out the link between state building and the security in Somalia. The article utilizes Mohammed Ayoob’s concept of Third World security understanding, and argues that the history of state formation and the short experiences of the state building period in Somalia has shaped the internal security vulnerabilities and the social disintegration. The feeble experience of governance and state making process, have contributed significantly to the fragility and state failure, which in turn resulted in and led to -at the
same time- the internal security susceptibilities and fragmentation of the society. The study also argues that the colonial legacy and the super power competition in Somalia have shaped the politics as well as its security environment.

Keywords:


State making, Security, Colonial Legacy, Somalia,

Mogadishu University

ISOS
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0 Comments Author dheeg9412
26
Jan
Date January 26, 2025

Somalia: Historical Phases of the Islamic Movements

Abstract


Somalia: Historical Phases of the Islamic Movements


There is very little scholarship on the history of the Islamic movements in Somalia. Available literature mainly addresses Islam from the margins of history through orientalist and secularist discourses, and security perspectives. This paper offers an overview of four phases of the development of the Islamic movements since 1800. The first phase is the Islamic revival (1800-1950) which focuses on the Sufi brotherhoods and their interaction with the colonial powers. The second phase is the rise of the Islamic consciousness (1950-1967) where Islam and nationalism were jointly used as anti-colonial ideology. The third phase is the Islamic awakening (1967-1978) and initiation of the early modern Islamic organizations. The fourth phase is the emergence of organizations of the Islamic movements (1978-..).
The narrative of this paper is extracted from the PhD thesis by the author on the Islamic Movement in Somalia. It provides empirically rich narrative of the development of the Islamic movements from insider's perspective.

Keywords:


Somalia, Islamic Movements, Somali Modern History, Islamism,

Mogadishu University

ISOS
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0 Comments Author dheeg9412
26
Jan
Date January 26, 2025

Primary School Enrolment in Somalia: What are the Enabling or Hindering Factors?

Abstract


Primary School Enrolment in Somalia:
What are the Enabling or Hindering Factors?


Somalia has one of the lowest primary school enrollment rates in Africa.
This article analyzes the determinants of raising primary school enrollment in Somalia. The authors are focused on primary school enrollment of children aged between 6 and 14 years, and have engaged on pertinent aspects such as: child age, parental education, family size, wealth. Regional disparities also have a stake in enrollment of children to primary schools.
The authors are calling for policy interventions focusing on increasing adult literacy and income of households in rural and urban areas of Somalia to enhance the potential of primary school enrollment. It’s also more prevalent the interventions to target improved educational resources allocation to the regions with low enrollments to support the overall wellbeing of the society.

Keywords:


Primary School, School Enrollment, Somalia, Education,

Mogadishu University

ISOS
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0 Comments Author dheeg9412
26
Jan
Date January 26, 2025

Marketing of Somali Livestock: A Strategic Approach

Abstract


Marketing of Somali Livestock: A Strategic Approach


Livestock is a leading sector in Somali economy which contributes to the GDP and export earning in hard currency. There have been various challenges facing production, processing and marketing of this sector.
This paper aims to develop and analyze market driven value chain management strategies with holistic marketing approach, by identifying major constraints and opportunities of the livestock value chain. Stages of livestock production and marketing development are also discussed with recommendations of reorganizing livestock value chain system and quality control to improve the overall performance of the cluster.
The proposed marketing strategies focus on livestock infrastructure development access to markets & marketing system, cost effectiveness of inputs and processing, empowerment policy framework, improvement of post-harvest handling facilities, satisfying quality standards and enhancing competitiveness of livestock trading system.

Keywords:

Somali Livestock, Marketing, Livestock Marketing, Marketing Strategy, Somalia

Mogadishu University

ISOS
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0 Comments Author dheeg9412